MySQL编译安装时常见错误分析

这篇文章主要是关于MySQL在编译安装时，可能出现的错误的解决方法。MySQL正确的编译安装操作见前文《2015博客升级记(四)：CentOS 7.1编译安装MySQL5.7.7rc》。

1 没有安装MySQL所需要的boost库

测试发现编译MySQL5.7以及更高的版本时，都需要下载并引用或者直接安装boost库，否则在执行cmake命令时会报如下错误：

-- Running cmake version 3.2.1
-- Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U
-- SIZEOF_VOIDP 8
-- MySQL 5.7.6-m16          [MySQL版本]
-- Packaging as: mysql-5.7.6-m16-Linux-x86_64
-- Looked for boost/version.hpp in  and 
-- BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR-NOTFOUND
-- LOCAL_BOOST_DIR 
-- LOCAL_BOOST_ZIP 
-- Could not find (the correct version of) boost.       [关键错误信息]
-- MySQL currently requires boost_1_57_0                    [解决办法]

CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:76 (MESSAGE):          [具体错误和解决方法]
  You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>

  This CMake script will look for boost in <directory>.  If it is not there,
  it will download and unpack it (in that directory) for you.

  If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy:

  export http_proxy=http://example.com:80

Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/boost.cmake:228 (COULD_NOT_FIND_BOOST)
  CMakeLists.txt:452 (INCLUDE)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/mydata/mysql-5.7.6-m16/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".

解决方法：直接按照前文《2015博客升级记(四)：CentOS 7.1编译安装MySQL5.7.7rc》小节2中的方法安装Boost库即可。或者先下载Boost库，然后通过在cmake命令后面添加参数-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=Boost库路径即可。

2 执行cmake时缺少Ncurses库的支持

Ncurses提供功能键定义(快捷键)，屏幕绘制以及基于文本终端的图形互动功能的动态库。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel

-- Could NOT find Curses (missing:  CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH) 
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:64 (MESSAGE):
  Curses library not found.  Please install appropriate package,

      remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/readline.cmake:107 (FIND_CURSES)
  cmake/readline.cmake:181 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_EDITLINE)
  CMakeLists.txt:480 (MYSQL_CHECK_EDITLINE)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/mydata/mysql-5.7.6-m16/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/mydata/mysql-5.7.6-m16/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".

解决方法：直接执行命令yum -y install ncurses-devel安装Ncurses即可。

3 安装MySQL完后，无法正常启动服务

在安装完MySQL后，执行命令service mysqld start失败，也即无法正常启动MySQL服务。

无法正常启动MySQL服务

解决方法：主要通过命令systemctl status mysqld.service和MySQL的日志来分析。如上图所示，在日志文件/var/log/mysql/error.log中可以看到具体的ERROR信息：Could not create unix socket lock file /var/run/mysql/mysql.sock.lock。这种错误一般都是目录不存在或者权限不足，所以我们直接使用命令mkdir -p /var/log/mysql/创建该目录即可，然后可以设置目录权限chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/。

4 操作MySQL时，报错You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement

用MySQL的root用户登录数据库后，如果之前没有设置密码，那么执行任何操作命令时，会提示如下错误信息。

mysql> CREATE DATABASE `testmysqldatabase` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement

常规的使用MySQL安全模式的解决方法如下，但是在MySQL5.7以及更高版本下是行不通的。

[root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL..[  OK  ]
[root@typecodes ~]# /mydata/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-networking --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 3688
[root@typecodes ~]# 150409 23:02:02 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.
150409 23:02:02 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /mydata/mysql/data
######重新登录mysql后，设置root密码
mysql> set password='this is a password sample';
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement

有效的解决方法：

[root@typecodes ~]# mysql -u root -p            [使用root用户登录]
Enter password:                             [无密码，直接回车]
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.6-m16

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select * from mysql.user;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
mysql> set password='this is a password sample';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
######设置当前root用户密码
mysql> set password='your password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

需要说明的是，修改用户密码的SQL语句在不同的MySQL版本中是不同的。下面这3种是MySQL5.5以下的版本的修改方法，但是不适用于MySQL5.7以及更高版本。

mysql> update mysql.user set PASSWORD='your password' where User='root';

mysql> SET PASSWORD for root@'localhost' = PASSWORD('your password');

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('your password');

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